Composition roofing



H. ABRAHAM.

COMPDSITION ROOFING.

APPLICATION FILED ULY 26.1917.

3 wom/Lto@ Patented Nov. 2, 1920.

. county, and

UNIT-ED STATES? PATENT oFFicE.

HERBERT ABRAHAM,

- A conromrlon OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNORiTQ STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, F NEW JERSEY.

'coMPosrrIoN noorme.

Application filed July 26,

' the following is a full, clear, and exact lter.

layer of bituminous specification.

My invention relates to a composition roon material containingbituminous mathe object of my invention is'to provide a roofing material"which possesses greater durability, and yet, can be manufactured withcomparatively less .expense than the present forms of felt compositionroofing on the market. The product .herein described and claimed isadapted to be used in sheet or in shingle form. i

The essential feature of the` invention consists in Acombining acomparatively thick small proportion by-weight of loose-fibers, and afoundation sheet of felted fibrous fabric saturated with asphalt.'

In the accompan ing drawings illustrating my invention, igure 1 is across-section of a sheet 'offroofin material embodying my invention,land ig. 2 a sectional view of a modified form.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a' felted fibrous sheet (commonlyknown as roofing felt) saturated with asphalt or other suitablebituminous composition; 2 is a comparatively thick layer of bituminousmaterial containing non-felted fibers; and 3 is av bituminous coatingfree from fibers applied in upper surface of the roofing, and lrepresents av similar coating which may or may not be applied to thelowersurface of the roofing. r S l A coating 5 (Fig. 2) of powdered,granulated or angular mineral matter, may be ap lied to one or bothsurfaces of the finished product, or as an alternative, coating 3 may be made in accordance with the disclosure of my Patents Nos. 775,635 and775,636 granted on November 22, 1904, that is having a colored pigmentlmixed therein to impart a permanent color.

In practice I have found that it is desir- 'able to incorporateapproximately 10% to 20% of fibers in the bituminous matter' consttutnglayer 2. The bers may be of Specification of Letters Patent.

Imatter'containing a tions and for the following reasons:

a comparatively thin layer to the'.

Patented Nov.y 2,1920. 1917. seriai'm. 132,872. i,

animal, vegetable, or mineral origin, consisting of disintegrated feltor paper stock,

slag-wool, vasbestos or similar materials. The loose bers aredisseminated throughout the bituminous matter 'and form a homo.

geneous mass therewith'.4

In manufacturing the roofing I take a sheet of ordinary roofing felt andsaturate it with the melted bituminous composition in the usual manner.To the saturated felted sheet I apply a layer of bituminous substance ofa comparatively high melting point containing fibers.,V This layer isfirst spread on loosely, preferably while in a heated state, and thencompressed by passing through steel rollers or otherwise under pressureto compact it into a tough and res'ilient mass. i

The product is more weather-resisting than ordinary prepared roofing ofthe same thickness, composed of a felted fabric saturated and coatedwith bituminous composit is well recognized in the art, that althoughfelt fibers impart strength to the nished product, they neverthelessconstitute the weakest part from the viewpoint of weatherresistance.They must 4therefore be thoroughly protected or inclosed by thebituminous constituents. Saturating the' felt alone will not enable itto withstand satisfactorilyv the sheet, so that a progressivedisintegrativeaction takes place. The saturated felt isthereforegordinarily safe-guarded by an additional layer or coating ofbituminous A.matten This surface-coatin constitutes `.the mainprotectionagainst t e inroads of the weather. As long as it remainsintact, the felt bers can retain their strength. When it is oxidized orworn away by attrition of the elements, so as to uncover the feltfibers, the roofing will soon perish. It has therefore been statedcorrectly that a felt roofing is no more durable than its weathercoating.

,Attempts have been made to increase the durability of the weathercoating by spreading it on in a thicken layer. Bituminous materialsleast susceptible to temperature changes, and having the greatestductility such as certain blown petroleum asphalts, fatty acid pitches,mixtures of asphaltites etc., With and Without the addition of finelydivided mineral fillers, have been tried for this purpose. yIt Wasfound, either that at loW temperatures or upon aging the thick coatingsbecome hard and brittle and cracked on bending, orelse during the hotsummer Weather or in the tropics, the thick coating softened to such anextent that it checked or ran, or easily became distorted upon beingsubjected to unusual pressure.

have found that the addition of nonfelted fibers to the thick layer ofbituminous coating overcomes these defects. As the non-felted fibers arestirred into the melted bituminous matter, the latter' loses itsfluidity, and becomes converted into a plastic mass which can no longer'be meltedeven at high temperatures, but Which can nevertheless bemolded or formed under pressure.

Whereas the fibers in the felted'sheet even under the most favorableconditions, cannot be made to carry more than 1 to 1% times its Weightof bituminous matter, it is a surprising fact that When the non-feltedfibers are added to the bituminous'matter, not more than beincorporated. In 'other Words, whereas a sheet of felted fiberssaturated With bituminous matter carries between 404 and by Weight offibers, the maximum Weight of non-felted fibers Which can beincorporated in a mixture With bituminous matter, ranges between 1% and20% of the total. This phenomenon may be explained by the fact thatnon-felted fibers occup much greater bulk than an equal Weight o Vthesame fibers in the felted state. A

. 'I have found further that a thick coating of bituminous mattercontaining non-felted fibers is less brittle at low temperatures and andresidual fluxes,

is not as liable to crack on bending as anequally thick coating composedof the same bitumlnous mattei' Without further additions. This isprobably due to the fact that t the non-felted fibers disseminatedthroughout the bituminous matter bind the mass togiven -gether, similarto the. reinforcing metal in ther protect the non-felted fibers in thecoatf ing (2) by applying to its Weather-surface a 'comparatively thincoating of bituminous matter free from fibers.

Roofing made in accordance with the foregoing disclosure Will presentthe maximum proportion of bituminous matter to the action ofthe Weather,and carry the bulk of the fibers at thebottom of the sheet, Where they.are 'most eHiciently protected. A smaller percentage of fibrous matterwill be' required in manufacturing the roofing of a Vthickness orWeight` per unit area, than Would be the Acase if a felted fibrous sheetWas employed as at present. Since the fibers are relatively moreexpensive than the bituminous matter, the improved process will result`in considerable'economy.

The material may be manufactured and sold in 'sheet form, or if desired,the sheet may be cut into-shingles of the required size. I have foundthat shingles cut from the said sheet aretougherand stiffer than thosemanufactured in the usual manner.

Various modifications be made in the construction herein above describedWithout departing from the scope of my invention.

What I claim as m to secure by Letters IYatent is composition-roofingcomprising a layer of felt saturated with bituminous matter,

and a compacted coating layer consisting of 'bituminous mattercontainingv not over twenty per cent., by Weight, of non-felted fibrousmaterial, said coating layer being thicker than the felt la er. HERBRTABRAHAM.

invention and desire

